What are the reasons for damage to bearings during normal operation

The factors affecting the use of bearings mainly refer to whether the installation, adjustment, maintenance, and repair meet the technical requirements. According to the technical requirements for bearing installation, use, maintenance, and upkeep, monitor and inspect the load, speed, working temperature, vibration, noise, and lubrication conditions that the bearings are subjected to during operation. If any abnormalities are found, immediately identify the cause and make adjustments to restore them to normal. Installation conditions are one of the primary factors in the use of bearings. Improper installation of bearings often leads to changes in the stress state between various parts of the entire set of bearings. The bearing operates in an abnormal state and ends its service life prematurely. The internal factors mainly refer to the three major factors that determine the quality of bearings, namely structural design, manufacturing process, and material quality.

The metallurgical quality of bearing materials used to be the main factor affecting the early failure of rolling bearings. With the advancement of metallurgical technology, such as vacuum degassing of bearing steel, the quality of raw materials has been improved. The proportion of raw material quality factors in bearing failure analysis has significantly decreased, but it is still one of the main influencing factors of bearing failure. Whether the material selection is appropriate is still a factor that must be considered in bearing failure analysis.

The manufacturing of bearings generally involves multiple processing steps such as forging, heat treatment, turning, grinding, and assembly. The rationality, progressiveness and stability of each processing technology will also affect the service life of bearings. The heat treatment and grinding processes that affect the quality of finished bearings are often associated with bearing failure

Rolling bearings are precision parts, so a cautious attitude is required when using them. Even if high-performance bearings are used improperly, the expected performance effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, when using bearings, the following precautions should be taken:

Keep the bearings and their surrounding environment clean. Even if invisible smile dust enters the bearing, it will increase the wear, vibration, and noise of the bearing. When using and installing, it is necessary to be careful and careful. Strong stamping is not allowed, and it is not allowed to directly strike the bearing with a hammer or transmit pressure through rolling elements. Use appropriate and accurate installation tools, try to use specialized tools, and avoid using fabrics and short fibers as much as possible. To prevent the corrosion of bearings, when directly taking the bearings by hand, it is necessary to thoroughly wash away the sweat on the hands and apply high-quality mineral oil before operation. Special attention should be paid to rust prevention during the rainy and summer seasons.

The inner and outer diameters of bearings are manufactured according to standard tolerances, and the tightness of the fit between the inner ring and shaft, as well as the outer ring and seat hole, can only be achieved by controlling the tolerances of the shaft neck and seat hole. The fitting between the inner ring of the bearing and the shaft adopts the base hole system, and the fitting between the outer ring of the bearing and the seat hole adopts the machine shaft system. Choosing the right fit requires knowledge of the actual load conditions, operating temperature, and other requirements of the bearings, which are actually very difficult. Therefore, in most cases, the selection of cooperation is based on the use of precision research.

In practice, attention should be paid to selecting the location and collection method of the measuring points. To truly and accurately reflect the vibration state of rolling bearings, it is necessary to pay attention to the accuracy and authenticity of the collected signals. Therefore, measuring points should be arranged near the bearings. Generally, there is a rear fan cover at the free end of the motor, and the measuring point should be selected at the fixing screw of the fan cover for better monitoring effect. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to multiple collection and analysis of vibration signals for bearings, and compare them comprehensively. Only then can accurate conclusions be drawn.